feat(角色状态机): 重构角色状态系统为基于类的设计

新增通用状态类和职业专属状态类，将状态逻辑从状态机中解耦
添加状态注册机制，支持按职业配置状态
实现基础状态如待机、移动、跳跃、受击等
为剑士职业实现专属攻击状态
补充状态机开发说明文档

Game/include/character/CharacterObject.h

@@ -44,11 +44,15 @@ public:
   const CharacterWorldPosition& GetWorldPosition() const { return motor_.position; }
   const CharacterMotor& GetMotor() const { return motor_; }
   CharacterMotor& GetMotorMutable() { return motor_; }
+  CharacterCommandBuffer& GetCommandBufferMutable() { return commandBuffer_; }
   float GetLastDeltaTime() const { return lastDeltaTime_; }
   const CharacterActionDefinition* FindAction(const std::string& actionId) const;
   std::string ResolveAnimationTag(const std::string& preferred,
                                   const std::string& fallback) const;
   void PlayAnimationTag(const std::string& actionTag);
+  void RunStateHook(const std::string& phase,
+                    CharacterStateId stateId,
+                    const CharacterActionDefinition* action);
   void SetFacing(int direction);
 
   const character::CharacterConfig* GetConfig() const {

Game/include/character/CharacterStateMachine.h

@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "character/CharacterActionLibrary.h"
+#include "character/CharacterDataLoader.h"
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 namespace frostbite2D {
 
 class CharacterObject;
 
-/// 角色主状态机。输入先变成意图，再由状态机决定当前大状态和动作推进。
 class CharacterStateMachine {
 public:
+  using StateRegistry = std::unordered_map<CharacterStateId, std::unique_ptr<ICharacterStateNode>>;
+
+  CharacterStateMachine() = default;
+
+  void Configure(const character::CharacterConfig& config);
   void Reset();
   void Update(CharacterObject& owner,
               CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
               const CharacterIntent& intent,
               float deltaTime);
-  void ForceHurt(const CharacterActionDefinition* hurtAction);
+  void ForceHurt(CharacterObject& owner, const CharacterActionDefinition* hurtAction);
 
   CharacterStateId GetState() const { return currentState_; }
   const std::string& GetCurrentActionId() const { return currentActionId_; }
@@ -27,24 +35,21 @@ public:
   bool IsMovementLocked() const;
   bool CanTurn() const;
 
+  void RegisterState(std::unique_ptr<ICharacterStateNode> stateNode);
+  void ClearRegisteredStates();
+  ICharacterStateNode* FindStateNode(CharacterStateId stateId) const;
+
 private:
   void ChangeState(CharacterObject& owner, CharacterStateId nextState);
   void EnterAction(CharacterObject& owner, const CharacterActionDefinition* action);
-  void UpdateGroundState(CharacterObject& owner,
+  void InvokeStateHook(CharacterObject& owner,
-                         CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
+                       const CharacterActionDefinition* action,
-                         const CharacterIntent& intent);
+                       const char* phase) const;
-  void UpdateAirState(CharacterObject& owner,
-                      CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
-                      const CharacterIntent& intent);
-  void UpdateActionState(CharacterObject& owner,
-                         CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
-                         const CharacterIntent& intent,
-                         float deltaTime);
-  void UpdateHurtState(CharacterObject& owner, float deltaTime);
   bool TryStartAction(CharacterObject& owner,
                       CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
                       CharacterCommandType commandType,
                       const std::string& actionId);
+  bool TryStartRegisteredAction(CharacterStateContext& context);
   void ApplyFrameEvents(CharacterObject& owner, int previousFrame, int currentFrame);
 
   CharacterStateId currentState_ = CharacterStateId::Idle;
@@ -54,6 +59,9 @@ private:
   float actionFrameProgress_ = 0.0f;
   int actionFrame_ = 0;
   float landingTimer_ = 0.0f;
+  StateRegistry stateRegistry_;
+
+  friend class CharacterStateBase;
 };
 
 } // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/CharacterStateBase.h

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/CharacterActionTypes.h"
+#include <string>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class CharacterObject;
+class CharacterStateMachine;
+struct CharacterActionDefinition;
+
+struct CharacterStateContext {
+  CharacterObject& owner;
+  CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer;
+  const CharacterIntent& intent;
+  float deltaTime = 0.0f;
+};
+
+class ICharacterStateNode {
+public:
+  virtual ~ICharacterStateNode() = default;
+
+  virtual CharacterStateId GetId() const = 0;
+  virtual void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                       CharacterStateContext& context,
+                       CharacterStateId previousState) {
+    (void)machine;
+    (void)context;
+    (void)previousState;
+  }
+  virtual void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterStateContext& context) = 0;
+  virtual void OnExit(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                      CharacterStateContext& context,
+                      CharacterStateId nextState) {
+    (void)machine;
+    (void)context;
+    (void)nextState;
+  }
+};
+
+class ICharacterActionStateNode {
+public:
+  virtual ~ICharacterActionStateNode() = default;
+  virtual bool TryEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterStateContext& context) = 0;
+};
+
+class CharacterStateBase : public ICharacterStateNode {
+public:
+  explicit CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId stateId);
+  ~CharacterStateBase() override = default;
+
+  CharacterStateId GetId() const override;
+
+protected:
+  void ChangeState(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                   CharacterStateContext& context,
+                   CharacterStateId nextState) const;
+  void PlayActionById(CharacterObject& owner,
+                      const std::string& actionId,
+                      const std::string& fallbackTag = "rest") const;
+  void InvokeHook(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                  CharacterObject& owner,
+                  const CharacterActionDefinition* action,
+                  const char* phase) const;
+  bool TryStartAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                      CharacterStateContext& context,
+                      CharacterCommandType commandType,
+                      const std::string& actionId) const;
+  bool TryStartRegisteredAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                CharacterStateContext& context) const;
+  void ApplyFrameEvents(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterObject& owner,
+                        int previousFrame,
+                        int currentFrame) const;
+
+  const CharacterActionDefinition* GetCurrentAction(const CharacterStateMachine& machine) const;
+  const std::string& GetCurrentActionId(const CharacterStateMachine& machine) const;
+  void SetCurrentAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        const CharacterActionDefinition* action,
+                        const std::string& actionId) const;
+  void ClearCurrentAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const;
+
+  float& StateTime(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const;
+  float& ActionFrameProgress(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const;
+  int& ActionFrame(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const;
+  float& LandingTimer(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const;
+
+private:
+  CharacterStateId stateId_ = CharacterStateId::Idle;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/CharacterStateRegistry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/CharacterDataLoader.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class CharacterStateMachine;
+
+void RegisterCommonCharacterStates(CharacterStateMachine& machine);
+void RegisterJobCharacterStates(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                const character::CharacterConfig& config);
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/common/DeadState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class DeadState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  DeadState();
+
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/common/FallState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class FallState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  FallState();
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/common/HurtState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class HurtState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  HurtState();
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+  void OnExit(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+              CharacterStateContext& context,
+              CharacterStateId nextState) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/common/IdleState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class IdleState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  IdleState();
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/common/JumpState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class JumpState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  JumpState();
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/common/LandingState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class LandingState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  LandingState();
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/common/MoveState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class MoveState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  MoveState();
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/include/character/states/jobs/swordman/SwordmanAttackState.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class SwordmanAttackState : public CharacterStateBase, public ICharacterActionStateNode {
+public:
+  SwordmanAttackState();
+
+  bool TryEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+  void OnExit(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+              CharacterStateContext& context,
+              CharacterStateId nextState) override;
+};
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/CharacterObject.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ bool CharacterObject::Construction(int jobId) {
   growType_ = -1;
   direction_ = 1;
   config_ = *config;
+  stateMachine_.Configure(*config_);
   equipmentManager_.Init(config_->baseJobConfig);
   if (auto actionLibrary = loadCharacterActionLibrary(*config_)) {
     actionLibrary_ = *actionLibrary;
@@ -104,9 +105,7 @@ void CharacterObject::ApplyHit(const HitContext& hit) {
   if (hit.launchZVelocity > 0.0f) {
     motor_.grounded = false;
   }
-  stateMachine_.ForceHurt(hurtAction);
+  stateMachine_.ForceHurt(*this, hurtAction);
-  PlayAnimationTag(hurtAction ? hurtAction->animationTag
-                              : ResolveAnimationTag("hurt_light", "rest"));
 }
 
 void CharacterObject::OnUpdate(float deltaTime) {
@@ -172,6 +171,15 @@ void CharacterObject::PlayAnimationTag(const std::string& actionTag) {
   SetAction(actionTag);
 }
 
+void CharacterObject::RunStateHook(const std::string& phase,
+                                   CharacterStateId stateId,
+                                   const CharacterActionDefinition* action) {
+  (void)phase;
+  (void)stateId;
+  (void)action;
+  // 预留给后续脚本系统；当前默认由 C++ 状态节点接管生命周期逻辑。
+}
+
 void CharacterObject::SetFacing(int direction) {
   motor_.facing = direction >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
   SetDirection(motor_.facing);

Game/src/character/CharacterStateMachine.cpp

@@ -1,33 +1,16 @@
 #include "character/CharacterStateMachine.h"
 #include "character/CharacterObject.h"
-#include <cmath>
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateRegistry.h"
 
 namespace frostbite2D {
-namespace {
 
-constexpr float kLogicFramesPerSecond = 60.0f;
+void CharacterStateMachine::Configure(const character::CharacterConfig& config) {
-constexpr float kLandingDuration = 0.08f;
+  ClearRegisteredStates();
-constexpr float kMovementActionScale = 0.35f;
+  RegisterCommonCharacterStates(*this);
-
+  RegisterJobCharacterStates(*this, config);
-bool hasMoveIntent(const CharacterIntent& intent) {
+  Reset();
-  return std::abs(intent.moveX) > 0.01f || std::abs(intent.moveY) > 0.01f;
 }
 
-void playActionById(CharacterObject& owner,
-                    const std::string& actionId,
-                    const std::string& fallbackTag = "rest") {
-  if (const auto* action = owner.FindAction(actionId)) {
-    if (!action->animationTag.empty()) {
-      owner.PlayAnimationTag(action->animationTag);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  owner.PlayAnimationTag(owner.ResolveAnimationTag(actionId, fallbackTag));
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
 void CharacterStateMachine::Reset() {
   currentState_ = CharacterStateId::Idle;
   currentActionId_.clear();
@@ -44,35 +27,30 @@ void CharacterStateMachine::Update(CharacterObject& owner,
                                    float deltaTime) {
   stateTime_ += deltaTime;
 
-  switch (currentState_) {
+  CharacterStateContext context{owner, commandBuffer, intent, deltaTime};
-    case CharacterStateId::Idle:
+  if (auto* stateNode = FindStateNode(currentState_)) {
-    case CharacterStateId::Move:
+    stateNode->OnUpdate(*this, context);
-    case CharacterStateId::Landing:
-      UpdateGroundState(owner, commandBuffer, intent);
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Jump:
-    case CharacterStateId::Fall:
-      UpdateAirState(owner, commandBuffer, intent);
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Action:
-      UpdateActionState(owner, commandBuffer, intent, deltaTime);
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Hurt:
-      UpdateHurtState(owner, deltaTime);
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Dead:
-      owner.GetMotorMutable().StopGroundMovement();
-      break;
   }
 }
 
-void CharacterStateMachine::ForceHurt(const CharacterActionDefinition* hurtAction) {
+void CharacterStateMachine::ForceHurt(CharacterObject& owner,
-  currentState_ = CharacterStateId::Hurt;
+                                      const CharacterActionDefinition* hurtAction) {
+  const CharacterActionDefinition* previousAction = currentAction_;
   currentAction_ = hurtAction;
   currentActionId_ = hurtAction ? hurtAction->actionId : std::string("hurt_light");
-  stateTime_ = 0.0f;
+  if (currentState_ == CharacterStateId::Hurt) {
-  actionFrameProgress_ = 0.0f;
+    InvokeStateHook(owner, previousAction, "on_exit");
-  actionFrame_ = 0;
+    stateTime_ = 0.0f;
+    actionFrameProgress_ = 0.0f;
+    actionFrame_ = 0;
+    CharacterStateContext context{owner, owner.GetCommandBufferMutable(), owner.GetCurrentIntent(),
+                                  owner.GetLastDeltaTime()};
+    if (auto* hurtNode = FindStateNode(CharacterStateId::Hurt)) {
+      hurtNode->OnEnter(*this, context, CharacterStateId::Hurt);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Hurt);
 }
 
 bool CharacterStateMachine::CanAcceptGroundActions() const {
@@ -98,12 +76,39 @@ bool CharacterStateMachine::CanTurn() const {
       && !currentAction_->canTurn);
 }
 
+void CharacterStateMachine::RegisterState(std::unique_ptr<ICharacterStateNode> stateNode) {
+  if (!stateNode) {
+    return;
+  }
+  stateRegistry_[stateNode->GetId()] = std::move(stateNode);
+}
+
+void CharacterStateMachine::ClearRegisteredStates() {
+  stateRegistry_.clear();
+}
+
+ICharacterStateNode* CharacterStateMachine::FindStateNode(CharacterStateId stateId) const {
+  auto it = stateRegistry_.find(stateId);
+  if (it == stateRegistry_.end()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return it->second.get();
+}
+
 void CharacterStateMachine::ChangeState(CharacterObject& owner,
                                         CharacterStateId nextState) {
   if (currentState_ == nextState) {
     return;
   }
 
+  CharacterStateId previousState = currentState_;
+  CharacterStateContext context{owner, owner.GetCommandBufferMutable(), owner.GetCurrentIntent(),
+                                owner.GetLastDeltaTime()};
+
+  if (auto* previousNode = FindStateNode(previousState)) {
+    previousNode->OnExit(*this, context, nextState);
+  }
+
   currentState_ = nextState;
   stateTime_ = 0.0f;
   if (nextState != CharacterStateId::Action && nextState != CharacterStateId::Hurt) {
@@ -111,189 +116,38 @@ void CharacterStateMachine::ChangeState(CharacterObject& owner,
     currentActionId_.clear();
   }
 
-  switch (nextState) {
+  if (auto* nextNode = FindStateNode(nextState)) {
-    case CharacterStateId::Idle:
+    nextNode->OnEnter(*this, context, previousState);
-      playActionById(owner, "idle");
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Move:
-      playActionById(owner, "move");
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Jump:
-      playActionById(owner, "jump");
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Fall:
-      playActionById(owner, "fall");
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Landing:
-      landingTimer_ = 0.0f;
-      playActionById(owner, "landing");
-      break;
-    case CharacterStateId::Action:
-    case CharacterStateId::Hurt:
-    case CharacterStateId::Dead:
-      break;
   }
 }
 
 void CharacterStateMachine::EnterAction(CharacterObject& owner,
                                         const CharacterActionDefinition* action) {
-  // 普攻和技能都走通用 Action 状态，差异由动作定义驱动。
+  const CharacterActionDefinition* previousAction = currentAction_;
   currentAction_ = action;
   currentActionId_ = action ? action->actionId : std::string();
-  currentState_ = CharacterStateId::Action;
+  if (currentState_ == CharacterStateId::Action) {
-  stateTime_ = 0.0f;
+    InvokeStateHook(owner, previousAction, "on_exit");
-  actionFrameProgress_ = 0.0f;
+    stateTime_ = 0.0f;
-  actionFrame_ = 0;
+    actionFrameProgress_ = 0.0f;
-  if (action) {
+    actionFrame_ = 0;
-    owner.PlayAnimationTag(action->animationTag);
+    CharacterStateContext context{owner, owner.GetCommandBufferMutable(), owner.GetCurrentIntent(),
+                                  owner.GetLastDeltaTime()};
+    if (auto* actionNode = FindStateNode(CharacterStateId::Action)) {
+      actionNode->OnEnter(*this, context, CharacterStateId::Action);
+    }
+    return;
   }
+  ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Action);
 }
 
-void CharacterStateMachine::UpdateGroundState(CharacterObject& owner,
+void CharacterStateMachine::InvokeStateHook(CharacterObject& owner,
-                                              CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
+                                            const CharacterActionDefinition* action,
-                                              const CharacterIntent& intent) {
+                                            const char* phase) const {
-  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  if (!action || !phase || phase[0] == '\0') {
-  if (!motor.grounded) {
-    ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Fall);
     return;
   }
-
+  owner.RunStateHook(phase, currentState_, action);
-  if (currentState_ == CharacterStateId::Landing) {
-    landingTimer_ += owner.GetLastDeltaTime();
-    motor.StopGroundMovement();
-    if (landingTimer_ < kLandingDuration) {
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (TryStartAction(owner, commandBuffer, CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed,
-                     "skill_1")) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (TryStartAction(owner, commandBuffer, CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed,
-                     "attack_1")) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed)) {
-    commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed);
-    motor.Jump();
-    ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Jump);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  motor.ApplyGroundInput(intent.moveX, intent.moveY);
-  owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
-  if (hasMoveIntent(intent)) {
-    ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Move);
-  } else {
-    motor.StopGroundMovement();
-    ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Idle);
-  }
-}
-
-void CharacterStateMachine::UpdateAirState(CharacterObject& owner,
-                                           CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
-                                           const CharacterIntent& intent) {
-  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
-  motor.ApplyGroundInput(intent.moveX, intent.moveY, 0.75f);
-  owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
-
-  if (motor.grounded) {
-    ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Landing);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ChangeState(owner, motor.verticalVelocity > 0.0f ? CharacterStateId::Jump
-                                                   : CharacterStateId::Fall);
-
-  if (commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed)) {
-    commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed);
-  }
-  if (commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed)) {
-    commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed);
-  }
-}
-
-void CharacterStateMachine::UpdateActionState(CharacterObject& owner,
-                                              CharacterCommandBuffer& commandBuffer,
-                                              const CharacterIntent& intent,
-                                              float deltaTime) {
-  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
-  if (!currentAction_) {
-    ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Idle);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (currentAction_->canMove) {
-    float moveScale = currentAction_->moveSpeedScale > 0.0f
-                        ? currentAction_->moveSpeedScale
-                        : kMovementActionScale;
-    motor.ApplyGroundInput(intent.moveX, intent.moveY, moveScale);
-  } else {
-    motor.StopGroundMovement();
-  }
-  if (currentAction_->canTurn) {
-    owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
-  }
-
-  actionFrameProgress_ += deltaTime * kLogicFramesPerSecond;
-  int previousFrame = actionFrame_;
-  actionFrame_ = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(actionFrameProgress_));
-  ApplyFrameEvents(owner, previousFrame + 1, actionFrame_);
-
-  for (const auto& rule : currentAction_->cancelRules) {
-    // 取消窗口由动作定义提供，状态机只负责在允许的帧段里消费缓存输入。
-    if (actionFrame_ < rule.beginFrame || actionFrame_ > rule.endFrame) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (rule.requireGrounded && !motor.grounded) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (rule.requireAirborne && motor.grounded) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (rule.targetAction == "attack_2"
-        && commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed)) {
-      if (TryStartAction(owner, commandBuffer, CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed,
-                         rule.targetAction)) {
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (currentAction_->totalFrames > 0 && actionFrame_ >= currentAction_->totalFrames) {
-    currentAction_ = nullptr;
-    currentActionId_.clear();
-    if (!motor.grounded) {
-      ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Fall);
-    } else if (hasMoveIntent(intent)) {
-      ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Move);
-    } else {
-      ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Idle);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void CharacterStateMachine::UpdateHurtState(CharacterObject& owner, float deltaTime) {
-  (void)deltaTime;
-  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
-  motor.StopGroundMovement();
-  if (!currentAction_) {
-    currentAction_ = owner.FindAction("hurt_light");
-  }
-
-  actionFrameProgress_ += owner.GetLastDeltaTime() * kLogicFramesPerSecond;
-  actionFrame_ = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(actionFrameProgress_));
-  if (currentAction_ && actionFrame_ >= currentAction_->totalFrames) {
-    currentAction_ = nullptr;
-    currentActionId_.clear();
-    if (motor.grounded) {
-      ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Idle);
-    } else {
-      ChangeState(owner, CharacterStateId::Fall);
-    }
-  }
 }
 
 bool CharacterStateMachine::TryStartAction(CharacterObject& owner,
@@ -314,6 +168,15 @@ bool CharacterStateMachine::TryStartAction(CharacterObject& owner,
   return true;
 }
 
+bool CharacterStateMachine::TryStartRegisteredAction(CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto* stateNode = FindStateNode(CharacterStateId::Action);
+  auto* actionNode = dynamic_cast<ICharacterActionStateNode*>(stateNode);
+  if (!actionNode) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return actionNode->TryEnter(*this, context);
+}
+
 void CharacterStateMachine::ApplyFrameEvents(CharacterObject& owner,
                                              int previousFrame,
                                              int currentFrame) {
@@ -323,7 +186,6 @@ void CharacterStateMachine::ApplyFrameEvents(CharacterObject& owner,
 
   auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
   for (const auto& event : currentAction_->frameEvents) {
-    // 帧事件把“动作进行到第几帧时要做什么”从硬编码里抽出来。
     if (event.frame < previousFrame || event.frame > currentFrame) {
       continue;
     }

Game/src/character/states/CharacterStateBase.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateBase.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+#include "character/CharacterStateMachine.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+CharacterStateBase::CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId stateId)
+    : stateId_(stateId) {
+}
+
+CharacterStateId CharacterStateBase::GetId() const {
+  return stateId_;
+}
+
+void CharacterStateBase::ChangeState(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                     CharacterStateContext& context,
+                                     CharacterStateId nextState) const {
+  machine.ChangeState(context.owner, nextState);
+}
+
+void CharacterStateBase::PlayActionById(CharacterObject& owner,
+                                        const std::string& actionId,
+                                        const std::string& fallbackTag) const {
+  if (const auto* action = owner.FindAction(actionId)) {
+    if (!action->animationTag.empty()) {
+      owner.PlayAnimationTag(action->animationTag);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  owner.PlayAnimationTag(owner.ResolveAnimationTag(actionId, fallbackTag));
+}
+
+void CharacterStateBase::InvokeHook(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                    CharacterObject& owner,
+                                    const CharacterActionDefinition* action,
+                                    const char* phase) const {
+  machine.InvokeStateHook(owner, action, phase);
+}
+
+bool CharacterStateBase::TryStartAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                        CharacterStateContext& context,
+                                        CharacterCommandType commandType,
+                                        const std::string& actionId) const {
+  return machine.TryStartAction(context.owner, context.commandBuffer, commandType, actionId);
+}
+
+bool CharacterStateBase::TryStartRegisteredAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                                  CharacterStateContext& context) const {
+  return machine.TryStartRegisteredAction(context);
+}
+
+void CharacterStateBase::ApplyFrameEvents(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                          CharacterObject& owner,
+                                          int previousFrame,
+                                          int currentFrame) const {
+  machine.ApplyFrameEvents(owner, previousFrame, currentFrame);
+}
+
+const CharacterActionDefinition* CharacterStateBase::GetCurrentAction(
+    const CharacterStateMachine& machine) const {
+  return machine.currentAction_;
+}
+
+const std::string& CharacterStateBase::GetCurrentActionId(
+    const CharacterStateMachine& machine) const {
+  return machine.currentActionId_;
+}
+
+void CharacterStateBase::SetCurrentAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                          const CharacterActionDefinition* action,
+                                          const std::string& actionId) const {
+  machine.currentAction_ = action;
+  machine.currentActionId_ = actionId;
+}
+
+void CharacterStateBase::ClearCurrentAction(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const {
+  machine.currentAction_ = nullptr;
+  machine.currentActionId_.clear();
+}
+
+float& CharacterStateBase::StateTime(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const {
+  return machine.stateTime_;
+}
+
+float& CharacterStateBase::ActionFrameProgress(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const {
+  return machine.actionFrameProgress_;
+}
+
+int& CharacterStateBase::ActionFrame(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const {
+  return machine.actionFrame_;
+}
+
+float& CharacterStateBase::LandingTimer(CharacterStateMachine& machine) const {
+  return machine.landingTimer_;
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/CharacterStateRegistry.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include "character/states/CharacterStateRegistry.h"
+#include "character/CharacterStateMachine.h"
+#include "character/states/common/DeadState.h"
+#include "character/states/common/FallState.h"
+#include "character/states/common/HurtState.h"
+#include "character/states/common/IdleState.h"
+#include "character/states/common/JumpState.h"
+#include "character/states/common/LandingState.h"
+#include "character/states/common/MoveState.h"
+#include "character/states/jobs/swordman/SwordmanAttackState.h"
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+void RegisterCommonCharacterStates(CharacterStateMachine& machine) {
+  machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<IdleState>());
+  machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<MoveState>());
+  machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<JumpState>());
+  machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<FallState>());
+  machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<LandingState>());
+  machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<HurtState>());
+  machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<DeadState>());
+}
+
+void RegisterJobCharacterStates(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                const character::CharacterConfig& config) {
+  if (config.jobTag == "swordman") {
+    machine.RegisterState(std::make_unique<SwordmanAttackState>());
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/common/DeadState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "character/states/common/DeadState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+DeadState::DeadState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Dead) {
+}
+
+void DeadState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                         CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  (void)machine;
+  context.owner.GetMotorMutable().StopGroundMovement();
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/common/FallState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "character/states/common/FallState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+FallState::FallState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Fall) {
+}
+
+void FallState::OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterStateContext& context,
+                        CharacterStateId previousState) {
+  (void)previousState;
+  PlayActionById(context.owner, "fall");
+  InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, context.owner.FindAction("fall"), "on_enter");
+}
+
+void FallState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                         CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& owner = context.owner;
+  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  motor.ApplyGroundInput(context.intent.moveX, context.intent.moveY, 0.75f);
+  owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+
+  if (motor.grounded) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Landing);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (motor.verticalVelocity > 0.0f) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Jump);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed)) {
+    context.commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed);
+  }
+  if (context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed)) {
+    context.commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed);
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/common/HurtState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "character/states/common/HurtState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+namespace {
+
+CharacterStateId ResolveInterruptedState(const CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& motor = context.owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  if (!motor.grounded) {
+    return CharacterStateId::Fall;
+  }
+  return (std::abs(context.intent.moveX) > 0.01f || std::abs(context.intent.moveY) > 0.01f)
+      ? CharacterStateId::Move
+      : CharacterStateId::Idle;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+HurtState::HurtState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Hurt) {
+}
+
+void HurtState::OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterStateContext& context,
+                        CharacterStateId previousState) {
+  (void)previousState;
+  ActionFrameProgress(machine) = 0.0f;
+  ActionFrame(machine) = 0;
+  const CharacterActionDefinition* action = GetCurrentAction(machine);
+  if (!action) {
+    action = context.owner.FindAction("hurt_light");
+    SetCurrentAction(machine, action, action ? action->actionId : "hurt_light");
+  }
+  if (action) {
+    context.owner.PlayAnimationTag(action->animationTag);
+    InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, action, "on_enter");
+  }
+}
+
+void HurtState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                         CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& owner = context.owner;
+  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  motor.StopGroundMovement();
+
+  const CharacterActionDefinition* action = GetCurrentAction(machine);
+  if (!action) {
+    action = owner.FindAction("hurt_light");
+    SetCurrentAction(machine, action, action ? action->actionId : "hurt_light");
+  }
+  if (!action) {
+    context.owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+    ChangeState(machine, context, ResolveInterruptedState(context));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  InvokeHook(machine, owner, action, "on_update");
+
+  ActionFrameProgress(machine) += context.deltaTime * 60.0f;
+  ActionFrame(machine) = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(ActionFrameProgress(machine)));
+  if (action->totalFrames > 0 && ActionFrame(machine) >= action->totalFrames) {
+    ClearCurrentAction(machine);
+    context.owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+    ChangeState(machine, context, ResolveInterruptedState(context));
+  }
+}
+
+void HurtState::OnExit(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                       CharacterStateContext& context,
+                       CharacterStateId nextState) {
+  (void)nextState;
+  InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, GetCurrentAction(machine), "on_exit");
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/common/IdleState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "character/states/common/IdleState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+namespace {
+
+bool HasMoveIntent(const CharacterIntent& intent) {
+  return std::abs(intent.moveX) > 0.01f || std::abs(intent.moveY) > 0.01f;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+IdleState::IdleState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Idle) {
+}
+
+void IdleState::OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterStateContext& context,
+                        CharacterStateId previousState) {
+  (void)previousState;
+  PlayActionById(context.owner, "idle");
+  InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, context.owner.FindAction("idle"), "on_enter");
+}
+
+void IdleState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                         CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& owner = context.owner;
+  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  if (!motor.grounded) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Fall);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (TryStartRegisteredAction(machine, context)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed)) {
+    context.commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed);
+    motor.Jump();
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Jump);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (HasMoveIntent(context.intent)) {
+    motor.ApplyGroundInput(context.intent.moveX, context.intent.moveY);
+    owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Move);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  motor.StopGroundMovement();
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/common/JumpState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "character/states/common/JumpState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+JumpState::JumpState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Jump) {
+}
+
+void JumpState::OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterStateContext& context,
+                        CharacterStateId previousState) {
+  (void)previousState;
+  PlayActionById(context.owner, "jump");
+  InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, context.owner.FindAction("jump"), "on_enter");
+}
+
+void JumpState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                         CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& owner = context.owner;
+  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  motor.ApplyGroundInput(context.intent.moveX, context.intent.moveY, 0.75f);
+  owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+
+  if (motor.grounded) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Landing);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (motor.verticalVelocity <= 0.0f) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Fall);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed)) {
+    context.commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed);
+  }
+  if (context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed)) {
+    context.commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed);
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/common/LandingState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "character/states/common/LandingState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr float kLandingDuration = 0.08f;
+
+bool HasMoveIntent(const CharacterIntent& intent) {
+  return std::abs(intent.moveX) > 0.01f || std::abs(intent.moveY) > 0.01f;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+LandingState::LandingState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Landing) {
+}
+
+void LandingState::OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                           CharacterStateContext& context,
+                           CharacterStateId previousState) {
+  (void)previousState;
+  LandingTimer(machine) = 0.0f;
+  PlayActionById(context.owner, "landing");
+  InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, context.owner.FindAction("landing"), "on_enter");
+}
+
+void LandingState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                            CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& owner = context.owner;
+  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  if (!motor.grounded) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Fall);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  LandingTimer(machine) += context.deltaTime;
+  motor.StopGroundMovement();
+  if (LandingTimer(machine) < kLandingDuration) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (TryStartRegisteredAction(machine, context)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed)) {
+    context.commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed);
+    motor.Jump();
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Jump);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (HasMoveIntent(context.intent)) {
+    motor.ApplyGroundInput(context.intent.moveX, context.intent.moveY);
+    owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Move);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Idle);
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/common/MoveState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "character/states/common/MoveState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+namespace {
+
+bool HasMoveIntent(const CharacterIntent& intent) {
+  return std::abs(intent.moveX) > 0.01f || std::abs(intent.moveY) > 0.01f;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+MoveState::MoveState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Move) {
+}
+
+void MoveState::OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                        CharacterStateContext& context,
+                        CharacterStateId previousState) {
+  (void)previousState;
+  PlayActionById(context.owner, "move");
+  InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, context.owner.FindAction("move"), "on_enter");
+}
+
+void MoveState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                         CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& owner = context.owner;
+  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  if (!motor.grounded) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Fall);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (TryStartRegisteredAction(machine, context)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed)) {
+    context.commandBuffer.Consume(CharacterCommandType::JumpPressed);
+    motor.Jump();
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Jump);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  motor.ApplyGroundInput(context.intent.moveX, context.intent.moveY);
+  owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+  if (!HasMoveIntent(context.intent)) {
+    motor.StopGroundMovement();
+    ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Idle);
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Game/src/character/states/jobs/swordman/SwordmanAttackState.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "character/states/jobs/swordman/SwordmanAttackState.h"
+#include "character/CharacterObject.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr float kLogicFramesPerSecond = 60.0f;
+constexpr float kMovementActionScale = 0.35f;
+
+bool HasMoveIntent(const CharacterIntent& intent) {
+  return std::abs(intent.moveX) > 0.01f || std::abs(intent.moveY) > 0.01f;
+}
+
+CharacterStateId ResolveGroundState(const CharacterIntent& intent) {
+  return HasMoveIntent(intent) ? CharacterStateId::Move : CharacterStateId::Idle;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+SwordmanAttackState::SwordmanAttackState()
+    : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Action) {
+}
+
+bool SwordmanAttackState::TryEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                   CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  if (TryStartAction(machine, context, CharacterCommandType::Skill1Pressed, "skill_1")) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return TryStartAction(machine, context, CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed, "attack_1");
+}
+
+void SwordmanAttackState::OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                  CharacterStateContext& context,
+                                  CharacterStateId previousState) {
+  (void)previousState;
+  ActionFrameProgress(machine) = 0.0f;
+  ActionFrame(machine) = 0;
+  const CharacterActionDefinition* action = GetCurrentAction(machine);
+  if (action) {
+    context.owner.PlayAnimationTag(action->animationTag);
+    InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, action, "on_enter");
+  }
+}
+
+void SwordmanAttackState::OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                   CharacterStateContext& context) {
+  auto& owner = context.owner;
+  auto& motor = owner.GetMotorMutable();
+  const CharacterActionDefinition* action = GetCurrentAction(machine);
+  if (!action) {
+    ChangeState(machine, context, ResolveGroundState(context.intent));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  InvokeHook(machine, owner, action, "on_update");
+
+  if (action->canMove) {
+    float moveScale = action->moveSpeedScale > 0.0f ? action->moveSpeedScale : kMovementActionScale;
+    motor.ApplyGroundInput(context.intent.moveX, context.intent.moveY, moveScale);
+  } else {
+    motor.StopGroundMovement();
+  }
+  if (action->canTurn) {
+    owner.SetFacing(motor.facing);
+  }
+
+  ActionFrameProgress(machine) += context.deltaTime * kLogicFramesPerSecond;
+  int previousFrame = ActionFrame(machine);
+  ActionFrame(machine) = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(ActionFrameProgress(machine)));
+  ApplyFrameEvents(machine, owner, previousFrame + 1, ActionFrame(machine));
+
+  for (const auto& rule : action->cancelRules) {
+    if (ActionFrame(machine) < rule.beginFrame || ActionFrame(machine) > rule.endFrame) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (rule.requireGrounded && !motor.grounded) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (rule.requireAirborne && motor.grounded) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (rule.targetAction == "attack_2"
+        && context.commandBuffer.HasBuffered(CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed)) {
+      if (TryStartAction(machine, context, CharacterCommandType::AttackPressed, rule.targetAction)) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (action->totalFrames > 0 && ActionFrame(machine) >= action->totalFrames) {
+    ClearCurrentAction(machine);
+    if (!motor.grounded) {
+      ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Fall);
+    } else {
+      ChangeState(machine, context, ResolveGroundState(context.intent));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void SwordmanAttackState::OnExit(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                                 CharacterStateContext& context,
+                                 CharacterStateId nextState) {
+  (void)nextState;
+  InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, GetCurrentAction(machine), "on_exit");
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

docs/角色状态机开发说明.md

@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+# 角色状态机开发说明
+
+## 1. 这套架构是做什么的
+
+这一套角色系统的目标，是把“输入处理”、“状态切换”、“动作定义”、“动画表现”和“位移推进”拆开，避免所有逻辑都堆在一个状态机函数里。
+
+当前架构分成五层：
+
+1. 输入层：接收键盘、手柄等事件
+2. 命令层：把输入整理成统一命令和意图
+3. 状态层：决定角色此刻处于什么状态
+4. 动作层：从 `.act` / `.lst` 读取动作参数
+5. 表现层：根据动作定义播放动画，并由 `CharacterMotor` 推进坐标
+
+这意味着：
+
+- 状态类负责“逻辑决策”
+- `.act` 负责“动作配置和时序参数”
+- 动画系统负责“资源表现”
+- `CharacterMotor` 负责“x/y/z 逻辑坐标推进”
+
+不要再把动作时长、动画标签、可否转向、可否移动这类信息硬编码回状态机里。
+
+## 2. 整体驱动流程
+
+角色每帧的主流程如下：
+
+```text
+输入事件
+  -> CharacterInputRouter
+  -> CharacterCommandBuffer
+  -> CharacterIntent
+  -> CharacterStateMachine::Update()
+  -> 当前状态类 OnUpdate()
+  -> CharacterMotor::Update()
+  -> CharacterObject::SetWorldPosition()
+  -> CharacterObject::PlayAnimationTag()
+```
+
+可以按下面的理解来记：
+
+- `CharacterInputRouter` 负责把键盘、手柄输入统一成命令
+- `CharacterCommandBuffer` 负责缓冲按钮和移动轴
+- `CharacterIntent` 是这一帧角色“想做什么”
+- `CharacterStateMachine` 负责找到当前状态类并调用它
+- 状态类决定要不要切状态、要不要吃掉输入、要不要启动动作
+- `CharacterMotor` 负责真正推进世界坐标
+- `CharacterObject` 负责把逻辑位置投影到屏幕，并驱动动画表现
+
+## 3. 坐标与表现
+
+角色逻辑坐标是三维：`x / y / z`
+
+- `x`：横向
+- `y`：地面纵深
+- `z`：高度
+
+当前渲染不是直接画三维，而是把逻辑坐标投影到屏幕：
+
+- 屏幕坐标约等于 `Vec2(x, y - z)`
+- 同层遮挡排序仍然主要看地面 `y`
+
+因此：
+
+- 看起来像 2D
+- 但跳跃、击飞、下落这些逻辑，实际依赖 `z` 和 `verticalVelocity`
+
+相关核心数据在 `CharacterActionTypes.h`：
+
+- `CharacterWorldPosition`
+- `CharacterMotor`
+- `CharacterIntent`
+- `CharacterCommandBuffer`
+- `CharacterStateId`
+
+## 4. 目录结构与职责
+
+当前状态系统相关代码主要在这些位置：
+
+```text
+Game/include/character/
+Game/src/character/
+Game/include/character/states/
+Game/src/character/states/
+```
+
+### 4.1 核心文件
+
+- `CharacterObject`
+  - 角色主对象
+  - 负责构建、更新、动画播放、受击入口
+- `CharacterStateMachine`
+  - 负责注册状态、切换状态、分发更新、推进动作帧事件
+- `CharacterStateBase`
+  - 所有状态类的基类
+  - 提供公共 helper
+- `CharacterStateRegistry`
+  - 负责把通用状态和职业状态注册进状态机
+
+### 4.2 状态目录分层
+
+```text
+states/
+  common/
+    IdleState
+    MoveState
+    JumpState
+    FallState
+    LandingState
+    HurtState
+    DeadState
+  jobs/
+    swordman/
+      SwordmanAttackState
+```
+
+约定如下：
+
+- `common/`：所有职业都能复用的状态
+- `jobs/<job>/`：职业专属状态
+- 当前除攻击外，其余基础状态都在 `common/`
+- 剑士攻击逻辑在 `jobs/swordman/`
+
+## 5. 状态机本体现在负责什么
+
+`CharacterStateMachine` 现在是一个“调度器”，不是“所有逻辑的堆放点”。
+
+它主要负责：
+
+- `Configure()`：按职业注册状态
+- `Reset()`：重置运行时状态
+- `Update()`：找到当前状态类并调用 `OnUpdate`
+- `ChangeState()`：做状态切换，并触发 `OnExit -> OnEnter`
+- `TryStartAction()`：按动作 id 启动动作
+- `ApplyFrameEvents()`：根据 `.act` 定义执行帧事件
+
+它不应该再负责：
+
+- 直接写死所有状态的业务逻辑
+- 直接写死 idle/move/jump/attack 的完整流程
+- 直接把职业特有攻击逻辑塞在一个大 switch 里
+
+## 6. 状态类生命周期
+
+每个状态类都继承 `CharacterStateBase`，支持以下生命周期：
+
+### 6.1 `OnEnter`
+
+进入状态时调用，常见用途：
+
+- 重置计时器
+- 设置动作帧游标
+- 播放对应动画
+- 调用进入 hook
+
+### 6.2 `OnUpdate`
+
+每帧调用，常见用途：
+
+- 检查输入
+- 检查 grounded / velocity / 受击等条件
+- 切换状态
+- 推进动作帧
+- 执行取消规则
+- 消费输入命令
+
+### 6.3 `OnExit`
+
+离开状态时调用，常见用途：
+
+- 调用退出 hook
+- 做简单清理
+
+### 6.4 `TryEnter`
+
+这个不是所有状态都有。
+
+只有“承担动作入口判定职责”的职业动作状态才需要实现 `ICharacterActionStateNode`，例如当前的：
+
+- `SwordmanAttackState`
+
+它的作用是：
+
+- 在通用状态里，不直接写死“按攻击键就进哪个动作”
+- 而是统一调用 `TryStartRegisteredAction()`
+- 再由职业动作状态自己的 `TryEnter()` 决定是 `attack_1`、`skill_1` 还是别的动作
+
+这样职业差异就解耦开了。
+
+## 7. CharacterStateBase 提供了什么
+
+`CharacterStateBase` 是给所有状态类复用的基类，常用 helper 包括：
+
+- `ChangeState()`
+  - 切换到另一个状态
+- `PlayActionById()`
+  - 通过逻辑动作 id 查动作定义并播放动画
+- `InvokeHook()`
+  - 触发状态 hook，当前先走 C++ 预留接口
+- `TryStartAction()`
+  - 按命令类型和动作 id 尝试启动动作
+- `TryStartRegisteredAction()`
+  - 让职业动作状态决定是否启动动作
+- `ApplyFrameEvents()`
+  - 执行动作的帧事件
+- `GetCurrentAction()` / `SetCurrentAction()` / `ClearCurrentAction()`
+  - 读写当前动作定义
+- `StateTime()` / `ActionFrameProgress()` / `ActionFrame()` / `LandingTimer()`
+  - 访问状态机内部运行时变量
+
+开发新状态时，优先复用这些 helper，不要重复去碰状态机内部字段。
+
+## 8. 当前已有状态怎么分工
+
+### 8.1 通用状态
+
+- `IdleState`
+  - 地面待机
+  - 检查移动、跳跃、职业动作入口
+- `MoveState`
+  - 地面移动
+  - 检查停止移动、跳跃、职业动作入口
+- `JumpState`
+  - 上升阶段
+  - 空中可控移动，升到顶后转 `Fall`
+- `FallState`
+  - 下落阶段
+  - 落地后转 `Landing`
+- `LandingState`
+  - 落地收招阶段
+  - 用短 landing timer 过渡，再回 `Idle` 或 `Move`
+- `HurtState`
+  - 受击状态
+  - 推进受击动作帧，到结束后回地面或空中状态
+- `DeadState`
+  - 死亡状态
+  - 当前只停止地面移动
+
+### 8.2 剑士职业状态
+
+- `SwordmanAttackState`
+  - 当前负责剑士攻击与技能入口
+  - 在 `TryEnter()` 决定是否启动 `attack_1` 或 `skill_1`
+  - 在 `OnUpdate()` 中推进动作帧、处理 cancel rule、结束后回 `Idle / Move / Fall`
+
+注意：
+
+- `Action` 是一个逻辑状态 id
+- 但它的具体实现是职业可替换的
+- 现在剑士把 `Action` 的实现接管到了 `SwordmanAttackState`
+
+## 9. 动作和动画到底怎么关联
+
+这是开发时最容易混的地方。
+
+### 9.1 两层名字
+
+当前系统里有两层名字：
+
+1. 逻辑动作名：例如 `idle`、`move`、`attack_1`
+2. 动画标签名：例如 `rest`、`move`、`attack1`
+
+### 9.2 读取来源
+
+逻辑动作定义从 `script.pvf` 中读取，路径关系是：
+
+```text
+character/<jobTag>/action_logic/action_list.lst
+  -> 指向多个 .act
+  -> 每个 .act 提供一个动作定义
+```
+
+例如：
+
+```text
+0    `swordman/action_logic/idle.act`
+1    `swordman/action_logic/move.act`
+2    `swordman/action_logic/attack_1.act`
+```
+
+### 9.3 `.act` 里关注哪些字段
+
+当前最关键的是：
+
+- `action id`
+- `animation tag`
+- `total frames`
+- `loop`
+- `can move`
+- `can turn`
+- `can be interrupted`
+
+其中：
+
+- `action id` 是玩法逻辑识别名
+- `animation tag` 是动画系统真正去播放的标签
+
+所以状态类通常不直接写动画名，而是：
+
+- 先用逻辑动作 id 找动作定义
+- 再从动作定义里拿 `animationTag`
+- 最后调用 `PlayAnimationTag()`
+
+### 9.4 一个例子
+
+例如 `attack_1.act` 里：
+
+```text
+[action id]
+    `attack_1`
+
+[animation tag]
+    `attack1`
+```
+
+那状态系统理解为：
+
+- 逻辑上现在执行的是 `attack_1`
+- 表现上要播的动画是 `attack1`
+
+## 10. `.lst` 与 `.act` 的当前约定
+
+### 10.1 `action_list.lst` 格式
+
+当前只支持新格式：
+
+```text
+#PVF_File
+0    `swordman/action_logic/idle.act`
+1    `swordman/action_logic/move.act`
+2    `swordman/action_logic/jump.act`
+```
+
+注意：
+
+- 第一列是索引
+- 第二列是相对职业目录的 `.act` 路径
+- 项目里当前只按“索引 / 路径”对来解析
+
+### 10.2 `.act` 写法注意
+
+字符串建议写成：
+
+```text
+`attack_1`
+```
+
+不要依赖源码层再做“去反引号”的兼容逻辑。
+
+另外布尔项在 PVF 中不要写 C++ 风格的裸 `true` / `false`。要用当前 PVF 能稳定落地的格式，例如项目现有约定支持的 0/1 或能被脚本解析的文本形式。
+
+## 11. 当前动作帧是怎么推进的
+
+动作状态下，核心流程是：
+
+1. `TryStartAction()` 启动某个逻辑动作
+2. 状态机记录 `currentAction_` 和 `currentActionId_`
+3. 进入 `Action` 状态的 `OnEnter()`
+4. `OnUpdate()` 每帧用 `deltaTime * 60` 推进逻辑帧
+5. 根据动作定义应用帧事件和取消规则
+6. 到达 `totalFrames` 后回收动作并切回后续状态
+
+当前帧事件入口在：
+
+- `CharacterStateMachine::ApplyFrameEvents()`
+
+当前已支持的关键帧事件类型包括：
+
+- `SetVelocityXY`
+- `SetVelocityZ`
+- `FinishAction`
+
+后面如果要加命中框、输入开放窗、特效事件，也优先沿着帧事件扩，而不是继续把时序写死到状态类里。
+
+## 12. 如何新增一个通用状态
+
+下面以“新增 DashState”为例。
+
+### 步骤 1：新建状态类
+
+在：
+
+```text
+Game/include/character/states/common/DashState.h
+Game/src/character/states/common/DashState.cpp
+```
+
+类定义继承：
+
+```cpp
+class DashState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  DashState();
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override;
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override;
+  void OnExit(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+              CharacterStateContext& context,
+              CharacterStateId nextState) override;
+};
+```
+
+### 步骤 2：构造函数绑定状态 id
+
+```cpp
+DashState::DashState()
+  : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Dash) {
+}
+```
+
+如果新增的是全新状态 id，需要先扩展 `CharacterStateId` 枚举。
+
+### 步骤 3：实现状态逻辑
+
+常规做法：
+
+- `OnEnter()`：重置计时器、播 dash 动画
+- `OnUpdate()`：推进位移，检查结束条件，决定切回哪个状态
+- `OnExit()`：收尾或发 hook
+
+### 步骤 4：注册状态
+
+在 `CharacterStateRegistry` 中注册：
+
+- 通用状态放 `RegisterCommonCharacterStates()`
+- 职业状态放 `RegisterJobCharacterStates()`
+
+### 步骤 5：补切换入口
+
+仅注册状态还不够，还要在合适的已有状态里决定“什么时候能进这个状态”。
+
+例如：
+
+- 在 `IdleState::OnUpdate()` 检查 dash 输入
+- 在 `MoveState::OnUpdate()` 检查 dash 输入
+- 或在职业动作状态中允许某些动作 cancel 到 dash
+
+### 步骤 6：准备动作资源
+
+如果 dash 有专属动作，要补：
+
+- `action_list.lst`
+- `dash.act`
+- 对应动画标签资源
+
+## 13. 如何新增一个职业动作状态
+
+如果是职业差异比较大的状态，建议放到：
+
+```text
+states/jobs/<job>/
+```
+
+### 13.1 什么时候应该做成职业状态
+
+满足以下情况时建议独立做：
+
+- 输入入口不同
+- 动作链不同
+- 取消规则不同
+- 动作帧事件不同
+- 和其他职业共享价值不高
+
+### 13.2 如果它承担动作入口
+
+就让它同时继承：
+
+- `CharacterStateBase`
+- `ICharacterActionStateNode`
+
+然后实现：
+
+- `TryEnter()`：决定什么输入启动什么动作
+- `OnEnter()`：进入动作表现
+- `OnUpdate()`：推进帧、处理 cancel、判断结束
+- `OnExit()`：退出收尾
+
+### 13.3 参考当前剑士攻击状态
+
+可以直接参考：
+
+- `SwordmanAttackState::TryEnter()`
+- `SwordmanAttackState::OnUpdate()`
+
+它已经演示了：
+
+- 用 `Skill1Pressed` 启动 `skill_1`
+- 用 `AttackPressed` 启动 `attack_1`
+- 用 cancel rule 在窗口内切到 `attack_2`
+
+## 14. 新增一个动作资源要做什么
+
+如果只是给已有状态补一个新动作，通常要做这几件事：
+
+1. 在 `action_list.lst` 中增加映射
+2. 新建对应 `.act`
+3. 在 `.act` 中写好 `action id` 和 `animation tag`
+4. 确保动画资源里真的有这个 tag
+5. 在状态逻辑里通过逻辑动作 id 去触发它
+
+最小示例：
+
+```text
+#PVF_File
+0    `swordman/action_logic/idle.act`
+1    `swordman/action_logic/move.act`
+2    `swordman/action_logic/dash.act`
+```
+
+对应 `dash.act` 示例：
+
+```text
+#PVF_File
+
+[action id]
+    `dash`
+
+[animation tag]
+    `dash`
+
+[total frames]
+    12
+
+[loop]
+    0
+
+[can move]
+    1
+
+[can turn]
+    0
+
+[can be interrupted]
+    0
+```
+
+## 15. 如何理解当前输入接入
+
+当前输入来源不只键盘，主要有：
+
+- 键盘
+- 手柄轴
+- 手柄按键
+
+统一入口都收敛到 `CharacterInputRouter`，它负责把平台输入转成统一命令。
+
+所以状态层不要关心：
+
+- 这是键盘来的
+- 还是手柄来的
+
+状态层只关心：
+
+- 有没有 `JumpPressed`
+- 有没有 `AttackPressed`
+- 当前 `moveX / moveY` 是多少
+
+这就是输入解耦的关键。
+
+## 16. 当前脚本扩展点在哪里
+
+`CharacterObject::RunStateHook()` 是当前预留给脚本系统的入口。
+
+状态在以下时机会调用它：
+
+- `on_enter`
+- `on_update`
+- `on_exit`
+
+目前它还是空实现，意思是：
+
+- 当前实际逻辑仍由 C++ 状态类负责
+- 但未来可以把一部分进入、更新、退出逻辑下沉到脚本
+
+如果后面要接脚本，建议保持下面的边界：
+
+- C++ 继续控制状态切换主流程和底层安全逻辑
+- 脚本负责更灵活的状态表现、特效、派生行为、部分判定
+
+不要一开始就把所有底层切换权完全放给脚本，否则调试成本会很高。
+
+## 17. 常见问题排查
+
+### 17.1 按键了角色没反应
+
+优先查：
+
+1. 输入事件有没有进 `CharacterInputRouter`
+2. 有没有生成对应命令进入 `CharacterCommandBuffer`
+3. 当前状态的 `OnUpdate()` 有没有检查这个命令
+4. 命令有没有被过早消费
+5. 对应动作 id 有没有加载成功
+
+### 17.2 状态切了但动画不对
+
+优先查：
+
+1. `.act` 的 `animation tag` 是否正确
+2. 动画资源里是否存在这个 tag
+3. 当前状态是否通过逻辑动作 id 正确拿到了动作定义
+4. 是否被 fallback 动画顶掉了
+
+### 17.3 动作资源没读到
+
+优先查：
+
+1. `action_list.lst` 路径格式是否正确
+2. `.act` 路径是否相对于 `character/<jobTag>/`
+3. `jobTag` 是否和实际职业目录一致
+4. PVF 中是否真的导入了这些文件
+
+### 17.4 朝左时时装和人物不契合
+
+这个问题通常优先查：
+
+- Ani 锚点
+- 左右翻转实现
+- 各部件的挂点/偏移
+
+它一般不是状态机逻辑问题。
+
+## 18. 推荐开发约定
+
+为了后面大家都能维护，建议遵守下面几条：
+
+- 一个状态一个类
+- 通用状态优先放 `common/`
+- 职业差异大的状态放 `jobs/<job>/`
+- 动作参数优先写 `.act`
+- 状态类只写决策，不写死资源细节
+- 新功能先找有没有通用 helper 能复用
+- 新状态一定补入口，不要只注册不切换
+
+## 19. 一个最小状态模板
+
+下面是一个最小可抄的状态模板：
+
+```cpp
+class ExampleState : public CharacterStateBase {
+public:
+  ExampleState()
+      : CharacterStateBase(CharacterStateId::Idle) {
+  }
+
+  void OnEnter(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+               CharacterStateContext& context,
+               CharacterStateId previousState) override {
+    (void)previousState;
+    PlayActionById(context.owner, "idle");
+    InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, context.owner.FindAction("idle"), "on_enter");
+  }
+
+  void OnUpdate(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+                CharacterStateContext& context) override {
+    auto& motor = context.owner.GetMotorMutable();
+    if (!motor.grounded) {
+      ChangeState(machine, context, CharacterStateId::Fall);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void OnExit(CharacterStateMachine& machine,
+              CharacterStateContext& context,
+              CharacterStateId nextState) override {
+    (void)nextState;
+    InvokeHook(machine, context.owner, context.owner.FindAction("idle"), "on_exit");
+  }
+};
+```
+
+## 20. 新同事接入时建议先读什么
+
+建议按这个顺序看：
+
+1. `CharacterObject::OnUpdate()`
+2. `CharacterStateMachine`
+3. `CharacterStateBase`
+4. `CharacterStateRegistry`
+5. `states/common/` 下的基础状态
+6. `states/jobs/swordman/SwordmanAttackState`
+7. `CharacterActionTypes.h`
+8. 对应职业的 `action_list.lst` 和 `.act`
+
+这样能最快建立“输入 -> 状态 -> 动作 -> 动画 -> 位移”的完整认知。
+
+---
+
+如果后面架构继续扩展，建议再补两份专题文档：
+
+- 一份讲 `.act` / 帧事件 / cancel rule 设计
+- 一份讲脚本如何接入状态生命周期