feat(渲染): 重构渲染系统并添加相机支持

- 在Batch中添加纹理采样器uniform设置
- 重构Sprite渲染逻辑，使用Renderer的drawSprite方法
- 添加Camera类并集成到Application和Renderer中
- 支持Y轴翻转的投影矩阵以适应2D游戏坐标系
- 改进颜色处理，移除不必要的归一化计算
- 添加渲染错误处理和日志输出

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/core/application.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <frostbite2D/core/window.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/camera.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/types/type_alias.h>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ private:
 
     Window* window_ = nullptr;
     class Renderer* renderer_ = nullptr;
+    Camera* camera_ = nullptr;
     AppConfig config_;
 
     bool initialized_ = false;

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/2d/sprite.cpp

@@ -55,19 +55,17 @@ void Sprite::Render() {
   }
 
   Renderer& renderer = Renderer::get();
-  Batch& batch = renderer.getBatch();
-
-  Shader* shader = getActiveShader();
-  if (!shader || !shader->isValid()) {
-    RenderChildren();
-    return;
+  
+  Vec2 pos = GetPosition();
+  Vec2 size = GetSize();
+  if (size.x == 0 || size.y == 0) {
+    size = Vec2((float)texture_->getWidth(), (float)texture_->getHeight());
   }
-
-  updateTransform();
-
-  Quad quad = createQuad();
-
-  batch.submitQuad(quad, transform_, texture_, shader, blendMode_);
+  
+  // 直接使用 Renderer 的 drawSprite 函数，确保和直接渲染一致
+  renderer.drawSprite(pos, Rect(0, 0, (float)texture_->getWidth(), (float)texture_->getHeight()), 
+                      Vec2((float)texture_->getWidth(), (float)texture_->getHeight()), 
+                      texture_, color_);
 
   RenderChildren();
 }

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/core/application.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <frostbite2D/core/application.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/camera.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/platform/switch.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/types/type_math.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/utils/asset.h>
@@ -69,6 +70,12 @@ void Application::shutdown() {
     window_ = nullptr;
   }
 
+  // 清理相机
+  if (camera_) {
+    delete camera_;
+    camera_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
   // 平台相关清理
   #ifdef __SWITCH__
   switchShutdown();
@@ -110,6 +117,12 @@ bool Application::initCoreModules() {
   renderer_->setViewport(0, 0, config_.windowConfig.width,
                          config_.windowConfig.height);
 
+  // 创建并设置相机
+  camera_ = new Camera();
+  camera_->setViewport(config_.windowConfig.width, config_.windowConfig.height);
+  camera_->setFlipY(true); // 启用 Y 轴翻转，(0,0) 在左上角
+  renderer_->setCamera(camera_);
+
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -198,11 +211,10 @@ void Application::update() {
 
 void Application::render() {
   Renderer& renderer = Renderer::get();
-  Batch& batch = renderer.getBatch();
 
-  batch.begin();
+  renderer.beginFrame();
   SceneManager::get().Render();
-  batch.end();
+  renderer.endFrame();
 
   if (window_) {
     window_->swap();

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/batch.cpp

@@ -152,9 +152,11 @@ void Batch::flushCurrentBatch() {
   // 绑定着色器和纹理
   if (currentBatch_.shader) {
     currentBatch_.shader->use();
+    // 设置纹理采样器 uniform 变量
+    currentBatch_.shader->setTexture("u_texture", 0);
   }
   if (currentBatch_.texture) {
-    currentBatch_.texture->bind();
+    currentBatch_.texture->bind(0);
   }
   
   glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_);

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/camera.cpp

@@ -37,8 +37,19 @@ glm::mat4 Camera::getViewMatrix() const {
 glm::mat4 Camera::getProjectionMatrix() const {
   float left = 0.0f;
   float right = static_cast<float>(viewportWidth_);
-  float bottom = static_cast<float>(viewportHeight_);
-  float top = 0.0f;
+  float bottom, top;
+  
+  if (flipY_) {
+    // Y 轴向下：(0,0) 在左上角（2D 游戏常用）
+    // glm::ortho(left, right, bottom, top, ...)
+    // 这里 bottom 是屏幕底部（值大），top 是屏幕顶部（值小）
+    bottom = static_cast<float>(viewportHeight_);
+    top = 0.0f;
+  } else {
+    // Y 轴向上：(0,0) 在左下角（OpenGL 默认）
+    bottom = 0.0f;
+    top = static_cast<float>(viewportHeight_);
+  }
 
   return glm::ortho(left, right, bottom, top, -1.0f, 1.0f);
 }

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.cpp

@@ -175,10 +175,7 @@ void Renderer::drawQuad(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, Ptr<Texture> texture)
 void Renderer::drawQuad(const Rect& rect, const Color& color) {
   drawQuad(Vec2(rect.left(), rect.top()), 
             Size(rect.width(), rect.height()),
-            static_cast<float>(color.r) / 255.0f,
-            static_cast<float>(color.g) / 255.0f,
-            static_cast<float>(color.b) / 255.0f,
-            static_cast<float>(color.a) / 255.0f);
+            color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a);
 }
 
 void Renderer::drawSprite(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, Ptr<Texture> texture) {
@@ -189,10 +186,7 @@ void Renderer::drawSprite(const Vec2& pos, const Rect& srcRect, const Vec2& texS
                          Ptr<Texture> texture, const Color& color) {
   Rect destRect(pos.x, pos.y, srcRect.width(), srcRect.height());
   Quad quad = Quad::createTextured(destRect, srcRect, texSize,
-                                     static_cast<float>(color.r) / 255.0f,
-                                     static_cast<float>(color.g) / 255.0f,
-                                     static_cast<float>(color.b) / 255.0f,
-                                     static_cast<float>(color.a) / 255.0f);
+                                     color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a);
   Transform2D transform = Transform2D::identity();
   
   auto* shader = shaderManager_.getShader("sprite");

Game/src/main.cpp

@@ -32,9 +32,18 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   auto menuScene = MakePtr<Scene>();
   SceneManager::get().PushScene(menuScene);
 
+  // 先测试彩色四边形，排除纹理问题
+  SDL_Log("Testing colored quad...");
+
+  // 尝试加载精灵
   auto sprite = Sprite::createFromFile("assets\\player.png");
-  sprite->SetPosition(100, 100);
-  menuScene->AddActor(sprite);
+  if (sprite) {
+    sprite->SetPosition(100, 100);
+    menuScene->AddActor(sprite);
+    SDL_Log("Sprite created and added to scene");
+  } else {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to create sprite from file!");
+  }
 
   app.run();